第3章 · 历史
Post-war Britain and the Welfare State
战后英国和福利国家
来源：教材第42页
After WWII, Clement Attlee's Labour government created the welfare state based on the Beveridge Report (1942). Key reforms:
• NHS established in 1948 — free healthcare at point of use
• National Insurance system for pensions and benefits
• Free secondary education (Education Act 1944)
• Social housing programmes
• Nationalisation of major industries (coal, steel, railways)
The Empire Windrush arrived in 1948, beginning mass migration from the Caribbean.
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