Life in the UK 考试词汇表
官方教材中的所有关键术语，包含释义和母语翻译。免费浏览。
200 个术语
A system of government where the people have the power to choose their leaders through free and fair elections.
一种政府制度，人民有权通过自由公正的选举选择领导人。
The principle that no one is above the law, including the government and the monarch. Everyone must obey the law.
没有人凌驾于法律之上的原则，包括政府和君主。每个人都必须遵守法律。
The right to freedom of thought, speech, and expression, as long as it does not break the law or harm others.
思想自由、言论自由和表达自由的权利，前提是不违法或伤害他人。
Accepting that other people may have different views, beliefs, and ways of life, and treating them with respect.
接受他人可能有不同的观点、信仰和生活方式，并以尊重的态度对待他们。
A civic duty where citizens are called to serve on a jury in a court of law to help decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty.
一种公民义务，公民被传召在法庭上担任陪审员，帮助判定被告有罪或无罪。
A legally recognised relationship between two people, introduced in 2004 for same-sex couples.
2004年为同性伴侣引入的法律认可的关系。
The nine characteristics protected from discrimination under the Equality Act 2010.
2010年平等法保护免受歧视的九种特征。
Violence or abuse within a household or between partners. It is a criminal offence in the UK.
家庭内部或伴侣之间的暴力或虐待。在英国是刑事犯罪。
Female genital mutilation — a criminal offence in the UK, regardless of cultural tradition.
在英国是刑事犯罪，无论文化传统如何。
English for Speakers of Other Languages. A course for those whose first language is not English, often paired with a citizenship course as an alternative route to meeting the language requirement.
面向母语非英语者的英语课程，通常与公民课程结合，作为满足语言要求的替代途径。
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, a standard used to measure language ability from A1 (beginner) to C2 (mastery).
衡量语言能力的国际标准，从A1（初学）到C2（精通）分为六级。
The intermediate level of English under the CEFR required for settlement or citizenship applications in the UK.
CEFR规定的中级英语水平，是申请英国永居或入籍所需的语言水平。
Also known as indefinite leave to remain (ILR), a status that allows a person to live and work in the UK without time limit.
又称无限期居留许可（ILR），允许持有人无时间限制地在英国居住和工作的身份。
The legal process by which a foreign national becomes a British citizen after meeting residence, language and good-character requirements.
外国国民在满足居住、语言和良好品格要求后成为英国公民的法律程序。
The UK government department responsible for immigration, passports, security and policing, including handling citizenship applications.
英国负责移民、护照、安全和警务的政府部门，处理公民身份申请。
A computer-based test of 24 questions on UK history, traditions and values that applicants must pass to obtain settlement or citizenship.
包含24道关于英国历史、传统和价值观题目的电脑测试，申请永居或入籍者必须通过。
A formal event at which successful applicants take an oath or affirmation of allegiance and receive their certificate of British citizenship.
成功申请者宣读效忠誓言或声明并领取英国公民证书的正式仪式。
Treating someone unfairly because of their race, gender, age, disability, religion, sexuality or other protected characteristic; it is illegal under the Equality Act 2010.
因种族、性别、年龄、残疾、宗教、性取向或其他受保护特征而对他人进行不公平对待；依据2010年《平等法》属于违法行为。
The core values every UK resident is expected to respect: democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, and mutual respect and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs.
每位英国居民应尊重的核心价值观：民主、法治、个人自由，以及相互尊重和包容不同信仰与信念的人。
The country made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的国家。
The island made up of England, Scotland, and Wales. It does not include Northern Ireland.
由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成的岛屿。不包括北爱尔兰。
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. They are not part of the UK but have a special relationship with the Crown.
海峡群岛和马恩岛。它们不是英国的一部分，但与王室有特殊关系。
A saint who is regarded as the special guardian or protector of a country, place, or group. Each UK nation has its own patron saint.
被视为某个国家、地方或团体特别守护者的圣人。英国四个国家各有自己的守护圣人。
The Scottish New Year celebration, held on 31 December. It is one of the biggest celebrations in Scotland.
苏格兰新年庆典，在12月31日举行。这是苏格兰最盛大的庆典之一。
The official currency of the United Kingdom, abbreviated as GBP and symbolised by £.
英国的官方货币，缩写为GBP，符号为£。
Celebrated on 5 November with bonfires and fireworks, commemorating the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
11月5日以篝火和烟花庆祝，纪念1605年失败的火药阴谋。
A day on 11 November to remember those who died in wars. People wear red poppies as a symbol of remembrance.
11月11日纪念在战争中牺牲者的日子。人们佩戴红色罂粟花作为纪念标志。
The Muslim festival celebrating the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting.
穆斯林庆祝斋月（神圣斋戒月）结束的节日。
The Muslim Festival of Sacrifice, commemorating Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son.
穆斯林的献祭节，纪念易卜拉欣愿意献祭儿子的故事。
The Hindu and Sikh festival of lights, celebrated in October or November with lights, fireworks, and sweets.
印度教和锡克教的光明节，在10月或11月以灯光、烟花和甜食庆祝。
An important Sikh festival on 14 April, celebrating the founding of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
4月14日的重要锡克教节日，庆祝1699年古鲁·戈宾德·辛格创建卡尔萨。
The Jewish festival of lights lasting eight days, celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
犹太教持续八天的灯节，庆祝耶路撒冷第二圣殿的重新奉献。
A traditional Scottish dish made from sheep's heart, liver, and lungs, mixed with oatmeal, served on Burns Night.
传统的苏格兰菜肴，由羊心、肝和肺混合燕麦制成，在伯恩斯之夜食用。
The national flag of the UK, combining the crosses of St George, St Andrew, and St Patrick. Also called the Union Jack.
英国国旗，结合了圣乔治、圣安德鲁和圣帕特里克的十字。也称为联合杰克旗。
A public holiday on 26 December, the day after Christmas Day.
12月26日的公共假期，圣诞节后的第二天。
The highest mountain in Scotland and in the United Kingdom, rising to 1,345 metres in the Grampian Highlands.
苏格兰和英国最高峰，位于格兰扁高地，海拔1345米。
The highest mountain in Wales at 1,085 metres, located in the Snowdonia National Park.
威尔士最高峰，海拔1085米，位于斯诺登尼亚国家公园内。
The largest freshwater lake in the UK, situated in Northern Ireland.
英国最大的淡水湖，位于北爱尔兰。
The highest mountain in England at 978 metres, located in the Lake District in Cumbria.
英格兰最高峰，海拔978米，位于坎布里亚郡的湖区。
The longest river in the UK, flowing about 220 miles from Wales through England into the Bristol Channel.
英国最长的河流，全长约220英里，从威尔士流经英格兰注入布里斯托海峡。
The longest river in England, flowing through London from the Cotswolds to the North Sea.
英格兰最长的河流，从科茨沃尔德流经伦敦注入北海。
The national flag of the United Kingdom, combining the crosses of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick.
英国国旗，由圣乔治十字、圣安德鲁十字和圣帕特里克十字组成。
A public holiday in the UK when most businesses and banks are closed, such as Christmas Day, Easter Monday or May Day.
英国的公众假期，大多数商店和银行都会关闭，如圣诞节、复活节星期一或五月节。
A Welsh festival of music, poetry and performance in the Welsh language, with roots going back to at least the 12th century.
以威尔士语进行的音乐、诗歌和表演节日，历史可追溯至至少12世纪。
A traditional British theatrical production performed around Christmas, combining fairy-tale stories, slapstick comedy, songs and audience participation.
英国传统的圣诞期间舞台剧，结合童话故事、滑稽喜剧、歌曲和观众互动。
A small green three-leaved plant that is the national symbol of Northern Ireland, associated with St Patrick.
小型绿色三叶植物，是北爱尔兰的国家象征，与圣帕特里克有关。
A national symbol of Wales, worn on St David's Day (1 March).
威尔士的国家象征，在3月1日圣大卫节佩戴。
A yellow spring flower that is one of the national emblems of Wales, also worn on St David's Day.
黄色春季花卉，是威尔士国家象征之一，也在圣大卫节佩戴。
A patterned cloth of criss-crossed horizontal and vertical bands traditionally associated with Scottish clans.
以纵横交错条纹图案织成的布料，传统上与苏格兰家族氏族相关。
A prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, southern England. It was built in several stages over about 1,500 years and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
位于英格兰南部威尔特郡的史前遗迹。分多个阶段建造，历时约1500年，是世界文化遗产。
A wall built by the Romans on the orders of Emperor Hadrian to mark the northern frontier of the Roman Empire in Britain.
罗马人根据哈德良皇帝的命令修建的长城，标示罗马帝国在不列颠的北部边界。
Peoples from northern Europe (modern-day Denmark and Germany) who settled in England after the Romans left around AD 410.
来自北欧（现在的丹麦和德国）的民族，在公元410年左右罗马人离开后定居在英格兰。
Seafaring warriors from Denmark and Norway who raided and later settled in parts of Britain from the 8th century.
来自丹麦和挪威的航海战士，从8世纪开始袭击并定居在不列颠部分地区。
The invasion of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066, following his victory at the Battle of Hastings.
1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英格兰，在黑斯廷斯战役中获胜后征服英格兰。
A charter signed in 1215 by King John that established the principle that the king was subject to the law.
1215年由约翰国王签署的宪章，确立了国王受法律约束的原则。
A comprehensive survey of land and property in England, ordered by William the Conqueror in 1086.
1086年征服者威廉下令对英格兰所有土地和财产进行的全面调查。
A devastating plague that reached England in 1348 and killed approximately a third of the population.
1348年到达英格兰的毁灭性瘟疫，导致约三分之一的人口死亡。
Civil wars (1455–1485) between the House of Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white rose) for the English throne.
1455-1485年兰开斯特家族（红玫瑰）和约克家族（白玫瑰）争夺英格兰王位的内战。
The established church of England, created when Henry VIII broke with Rome. The monarch is the head of the Church.
英格兰的确立教会，因亨利八世与罗马教廷决裂而创建。君主是教会的领袖。
A large fleet of Spanish ships defeated by the English navy in 1588, during the reign of Elizabeth I.
1588年伊丽莎白一世统治时期被英国海军击败的西班牙大型舰队。
The largely peaceful overthrow of King James II in 1688, when William of Orange was invited to become king.
1688年基本和平地推翻詹姆斯二世国王，奥兰治的威廉受邀成为国王。
A law passed in 1689 that confirmed the rights of Parliament and limited the powers of the monarch.
1689年通过的法律，确认了议会的权利并限制了君主的权力。
A period of rapid industrial growth that began in Britain in the 18th century, transforming society from agricultural to industrial.
18世纪在英国开始的快速工业化时期，将社会从农业转变为工业社会。
Women who campaigned for the right to vote, led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Women over 30 gained the vote in 1918.
争取女性投票权的妇女运动者，由埃米琳·潘克赫斯特领导。30岁以上女性在1918年获得投票权。
National Health Service. Established in 1948 to provide free healthcare at the point of use for all UK residents.
国民健康服务体系。1948年建立，为所有英国居民在使用时提供免费医疗服务。
A voluntary association of 54 countries, many of which were once part of the British Empire.
由54个国家组成的自愿联合组织，其中许多曾是大英帝国的一部分。
A system where the government provides services like healthcare, pensions, and unemployment benefits. Proposed by the Beveridge Report in 1942.
政府提供医疗、养老金和失业救济等服务的制度。由1942年的贝弗里奇报告提议。
The religious movement in the 16th century that led to the creation of Protestant churches, including the Church of England when Henry VIII broke with Rome.
16世纪导致新教教会成立的宗教运动，包括亨利八世与罗马决裂后创建的英国国教会。
The closure of monasteries in England and Wales (1536-1541) by Henry VIII, who seized their wealth and lands.
1536-1541年亨利八世关闭英格兰和威尔士的修道院，没收其财富和土地。
Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War. Also known as Royalists.
英国内战中查理一世的支持者。也称为保王派。
Supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War, led by Oliver Cromwell.
英国内战中议会的支持者，由奥利弗·克伦威尔领导。
The return of the monarchy in 1660 when Charles II was restored to the throne after the period of the Commonwealth.
1660年共和国时期结束后查理二世恢复王位，君主制复辟。
The 1833 Act that abolished slavery throughout the British Empire.
1833年在整个大英帝国废除奴隶制的法案。
An Act of Parliament that extended the right to vote to more men and reduced corruption in elections.
扩大了更多男性的投票权并减少了选举中腐败的议会法案。
A 1942 report by William Beveridge that proposed the creation of the welfare state, identifying five 'Giant Evils' to be conquered.
1942年威廉·贝弗里奇的报告，提议建立福利国家，确定了五大需要征服的'巨恶'。
The ship that brought workers from the Caribbean to the UK in 1948, marking the beginning of large-scale migration from the West Indies.
1948年将加勒比海工人带到英国的船只，标志着来自西印度群岛的大规模移民的开始。
A period of violent conflict in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s to 1998, between unionists and nationalists.
1960年代末至1998年北爱尔兰联合主义者和民族主义者之间的暴力冲突时期。
The 1998 peace agreement that brought an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland and established power-sharing government.
1998年结束北爱尔兰动乱并建立权力分享政府的和平协议。
An 1805 naval battle where Admiral Nelson defeated the French and Spanish fleets but was killed. Trafalgar Square commemorates it.
1805年纳尔逊海军上将击败法西舰队但阵亡的海战。特拉法尔加广场以此纪念。
An 1815 battle where the Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon, ending the Napoleonic Wars.
1815年威灵顿公爵击败拿破仑，结束拿破仑战争的战役。
6 June 1944 — the Allied invasion of Normandy, France, which was a major turning point in World War II.
1944年6月6日——盟军入侵法国诺曼底，是二战的重大转折点。
The sustained German bombing campaign against British cities during WWII, particularly London, from 1940-1941.
1940-1941年二战期间德国对英国城市（特别是伦敦）的持续轰炸。
The evacuation of over 300,000 Allied troops from the beaches of Dunkirk, France in 1940.
1940年从法国敦刻尔克海滩撤退超过30万盟军部队。
The 1940 air battle where the RAF defended Britain against the German Luftwaffe, preventing a German invasion.
1940年皇家空军保卫英国对抗德国空军的空战，阻止了德国的入侵。
One of the greatest Victorian engineers, who built the Great Western Railway, Clifton Suspension Bridge, and revolutionary steamships.
最伟大的维多利亚时代工程师之一，建造了大西部铁路、克利夫顿悬索桥和革命性的蒸汽船。
Pioneer of modern nursing who improved care standards during the Crimean War, known as 'the Lady with the Lamp'.
现代护理的先驱，在克里米亚战争期间改善了护理标准，被称为'提灯女士'。
Leader of the suffragette movement, who campaigned for women's right to vote in the early 20th century.
妇女参政运动的领导者，在20世纪初为女性争取投票权。
Prime Minister during most of WWII (1940-1945), famous for his inspiring leadership and speeches.
二战大部分时间的首相（1940-1945年），以鼓舞人心的领导力和演讲闻名。
Labour Prime Minister (1945-1951) who created the welfare state, including the NHS.
工党首相（1945-1951年），建立了包括NHS在内的福利国家。
The royal house that ruled England from 1485 to 1603, beginning with Henry VII and ending with Elizabeth I.
1485年至1603年统治英格兰的王室，始于亨利七世，终于伊丽莎白一世。
The royal house that ruled Scotland, and later England, from 1603 to 1714, beginning with James I.
1603年至1714年统治苏格兰及后来英格兰的王室，始于詹姆斯一世。
The period from 1714 to around 1830 during the reigns of the four King Georges (I-IV), marked by Enlightenment thought and early industrialisation.
1714年至约1830年间四位乔治国王（一至四世）统治时期，以启蒙思想和早期工业化为标志。
The period of Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901), during which the British Empire reached its greatest extent and the UK led the world in industry.
维多利亚女王在位时期（1837-1901），大英帝国达到鼎盛，英国引领世界工业。
The law that united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into a single Kingdom of Great Britain with one Parliament at Westminster.
将英格兰王国和苏格兰王国合并为大不列颠王国的法律，并在威斯敏斯特设立统一议会。
An international exhibition of industry and culture held in Hyde Park, London in 1851, housed in the purpose-built Crystal Palace.
1851年在伦敦海德公园举办的国际工业与文化博览会，在专门建造的水晶宫内举行。
A war (1853-1856) in which Britain, France and Turkey fought against Russia. Florence Nightingale became famous for nursing the wounded.
1853年至1856年英国、法国和土耳其与俄国交战的战争。弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔因护理伤员而闻名。
A war (1899-1902) between Britain and the Dutch-descended Boer settlers in South Africa, ending with British victory.
1899年至1902年英国与南非荷兰裔布尔殖民者之间的战争，以英国获胜告终。
The period of political and military tension after 1945 between the Western powers led by the USA and the Soviet bloc, lasting until around 1990.
1945年后以美国为首的西方国家与苏联集团之间的政治军事对峙时期，持续到约1990年。
A voluntary association of 56 independent countries, most of which were formerly part of the British Empire, with the British monarch as its Head.
由56个独立国家组成的自愿联合体，多数曾是大英帝国成员，英国君主为其元首。
The two main political groupings that emerged in Parliament after 1680; the Whigs evolved into the Liberals and the Tories into today's Conservative Party.
1680年后在议会中出现的两大政治派别；辉格党演变为自由党，托利党演变为今日的保守党。
A series of wars between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that included English victories at Crécy and Agincourt.
1337年至1453年间英法之间的系列战争，包括英国在克雷西和阿金库尔的胜利。
Tudor king (1509-1547) who broke with Rome to establish the Church of England, dissolved the monasteries and had six wives.
都铎王朝国王（1509-1547），与罗马教廷决裂建立英国国教，解散修道院，共有六位妻子。
Queen of England (1558-1603), daughter of Henry VIII; her reign saw the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the flourishing of English drama.
英格兰女王（1558-1603），亨利八世之女；在位期间击败西班牙无敌舰队，英国戏剧繁荣发展。
Parliamentary leader who, after the execution of Charles I in 1649, ruled as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England until his death in 1658.
议会派领袖，1649年查理一世被处决后以护国公身份统治英格兰联邦，直至1658年去世。
The law that united Great Britain and Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801.
将大不列颠与爱尔兰合并、从1801年起组成大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国的法律。
Catholic queen of Scotland (1542-1567) who was imprisoned and executed in 1587 on the orders of her cousin Elizabeth I of England.
苏格兰天主教女王（1542-1567），于1587年在其表妹英格兰伊丽莎白一世的命令下被囚禁并处决。
The abolition of the slave trade throughout the British Empire by Acts of Parliament in 1807 and 1833, campaigned for by William Wilberforce.
英国议会于1807年和1833年通过法案，废除大英帝国境内的奴隶贸易，威廉·威尔伯福斯为此运动领袖。
A major fire in September 1666 that destroyed much of the City of London, including old St Paul's Cathedral.
1666年9月发生的重大火灾，摧毁了伦敦市大部分地区，包括旧圣保罗大教堂。
The armed conflict (1642-1651) between supporters of King Charles I (Cavaliers) and Parliament (Roundheads), ending with the king's execution.
1642年至1651年查理一世支持者（骑士党）与议会派（圆颅党）之间的武装冲突，以国王被处决告终。
The most famous tennis tournament in the world, held at the All England Lawn Tennis Club in London.
世界上最著名的网球锦标赛，在伦敦全英草地网球俱乐部举行。
An annual series of classical music concerts held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, organized by the BBC.
每年在伦敦皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅举办的古典音乐会系列，由BBC组织。
A prestigious contemporary art prize named after the British painter JMW Turner.
以英国画家JMW特纳命名的著名当代艺术奖。
A celebration on 25 January honouring the Scottish poet Robert Burns, featuring haggis and poetry recitation.
1月25日纪念苏格兰诗人罗伯特·伯恩斯的庆典，包括吃哈吉斯和朗诵诗歌。
The first effective antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
第一种有效的抗生素，由亚历山大·弗莱明在1928年发现。
British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in 'On the Origin of Species' (1859).
英国博物学家，在《物种起源》（1859年）中提出了自然选择进化论。
English scientist who discovered the laws of gravity and motion, considered one of the greatest scientists ever.
英国科学家，发现了万有引力和运动定律，被认为是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。
British mathematician who cracked the Enigma code in WWII and is considered the father of computer science.
英国数学家，在二战中破解了恩尼格玛密码，被认为是计算机科学之父。
British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web in 1989.
英国计算机科学家，1989年发明了万维网。
William Shakespeare (1564-1616), born in Stratford-upon-Avon, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.
威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616），出生于埃文河畔斯特拉特福，被广泛认为是英语中最伟大的作家。
English novelist known for Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, depicting English middle-class life.
英国小说家，以《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》闻名，描绘英国中产阶级生活。
Victorian novelist who wrote Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and Great Expectations, often addressing social injustice.
维多利亚时代小说家，写了《雾都孤儿》、《圣诞颂歌》和《远大前程》，常关注社会不公。
A rock band from Liverpool who became one of the most successful music groups in history during the 1960s.
来自利物浦的摇滚乐队，在1960年代成为历史上最成功的音乐团体之一。
One of the greatest British landscape and seascape painters, known for dramatic use of light. The Turner Prize is named after him.
最伟大的英国风景和海景画家之一，以戏剧性的光线运用闻名。特纳奖以他命名。
English painter famous for landscapes of the English countryside, especially The Hay Wain.
以英国乡村风景画闻名的英国画家，最著名的是《干草车》。
The architect who designed St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt after the Great Fire of London in 1666.
设计了圣保罗大教堂的建筑师，该教堂在1666年伦敦大火后重建。
An annual rugby union championship between England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France, and Italy.
英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、爱尔兰、法国和意大利之间的年度橄榄球联盟锦标赛。
A famous steeplechase horse race held annually at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool.
每年在利物浦附近的安特里赛马场举行的著名障碍赛马比赛。
A famous test cricket series played between England and Australia.
英格兰和澳大利亚之间的著名板球测试赛系列。
Scotland's national poet, born 25 January 1759. Famous for 'Auld Lang Syne' and 'To a Mouse'. Burns Night celebrates his birthday.
苏格兰国民诗人，1759年1月25日出生。以《友谊地久天长》和《致老鼠》闻名。伯恩斯之夜庆祝他的生日。
English Romantic poet, Poet Laureate, famous for 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud' (Daffodils).
英国浪漫主义诗人、桂冠诗人，以《我如云般独自漫游》（水仙花）闻名。
14th-century writer known as the 'Father of English literature', author of The Canterbury Tales.
14世纪被称为'英国文学之父'的作家，《坎特伯雷故事集》的作者。
One of the best-selling fiction writers of all time, creator of detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.
有史以来最畅销的小说作家之一，创造了侦探赫尔克里·波洛和马普尔小姐。
The theatre associated with William Shakespeare, reconstructed near its original site on the South Bank in London.
与莎士比亚相关的剧场，在伦敦南岸靠近原址处重建。
A church officially recognised by the state. The Church of England is established in England, while the Church of Scotland is the national church in Scotland.
国家正式承认的教会。英国国教在英格兰为法定国教，苏格兰教会则为苏格兰的民族教会。
The senior bishop of the Church of England and spiritual leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.
英国国教的首席主教，也是全球圣公会的精神领袖。
An annual music prize awarded for the best album released in the UK or Ireland by a British or Irish act.
每年颁发给英国或爱尔兰歌手在英爱发行最佳专辑的音乐奖项。
An honorary position appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister; the holder is expected to write verse for important national occasions.
由君主根据首相建议任命的荣誉职位，持有者须在重大国家场合创作诗作。
The top professional association football league in England, featuring 20 clubs and watched around the world.
英格兰顶级职业足球联赛，共有20支俱乐部参赛，在全球广受关注。
The Football Association Challenge Cup, the oldest national football competition in the world, first held in 1871-72.
由英格兰足球协会主办的挑战杯，是世界上最古老的全国足球赛事，始于1871-72赛季。
In the Six Nations rugby tournament, the achievement of one team winning all five of its matches in the competition.
在六国橄榄球锦标赛中，一支球队赢得全部五场比赛的成就。
A world-famous flower show held annually in London by the Royal Horticultural Society, showcasing garden design and plants.
英国皇家园艺学会每年在伦敦举办的世界著名花展，展示园艺设计和植物。
A prestigious literary prize awarded annually for the best novel written in English and published in the UK or Ireland.
每年颁发给英国或爱尔兰出版的最佳英文小说的著名文学奖项。
International awards given annually in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace and economics; more than 130 UK-based laureates have received them.
每年在物理、化学、医学、文学、和平及经济学领域颁发的国际奖项；英国获奖者已超过130位。
A traditional wind instrument strongly associated with Scottish culture, played by blowing air into a bag that supplies the pipes.
与苏格兰文化紧密相关的传统吹奏乐器，通过向气囊吹气向笛管送风演奏。
A knee-length pleated garment, traditionally made of tartan, worn as part of Scottish Highland dress.
及膝的褶裥服装，传统以格纹花呢制成，是苏格兰高地服饰的一部分。
Small pastries filled with mincemeat (a mixture of dried fruits and spices), traditionally eaten at Christmas.
内馅为干果和香料混合物的小馅饼，传统上在圣诞节食用。
A small Welsh town on the border with England, famous for its second-hand bookshops and its annual literary festival.
威尔士与英格兰交界的小镇，以二手书店众多和每年举办的文学节而闻名。
A charity founded in 1895 that protects historic houses, gardens and landscapes across England, Wales and Northern Ireland for public enjoyment.
1895年成立的慈善机构，负责保护英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的历史建筑、花园和自然景观供公众享用。
The British Broadcasting Corporation, the UK's public service broadcaster funded mainly by the TV licence fee; politically independent of government.
英国的公共服务广播机构，主要由电视牌照费资助，在政治上独立于政府。
The UK's legislature, consisting of the House of Commons (elected) and the House of Lords (appointed/hereditary).
英国的立法机构，由下议院（选举产生）和上议院（任命/世袭）组成。
The elected lower house of the UK Parliament. MPs represent constituencies and debate/vote on laws.
英国议会的民选下院。国会议员代表选区并就法律进行辩论和投票。
The upper house of the UK Parliament. Members are not elected but are appointed (life peers) or inherit their position (hereditary peers).
英国议会的上院。成员不是选举产生的，而是被任命（终身贵族）或继承职位（世袭贵族）。
The head of the UK government, usually the leader of the party that wins the most seats in a general election.
英国政府首脑，通常是在大选中赢得最多席位的政党的领导人。
A group of about 20 senior ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to run major government departments.
由首相选择的约20名资深大臣组成的团体，负责管理重要的政府部门。
A geographical area represented by one Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons.
由一名国会议员（MP）在下议院中代表的地理区域。
The electoral system used for UK general elections, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins.
英国大选使用的选举制度，每个选区中得票最多的候选人获胜。
The transfer of some powers from central government at Westminster to regional governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
将部分权力从威斯敏斯特的中央政府转移到苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的地方政府。
A system of government where the monarch is the head of state but their powers are limited by a constitution and Parliament.
一种政府制度，君主是国家元首但其权力受宪法和议会限制。
The system of courts and judges that interprets and applies the law. It is independent of the government.
解释和适用法律的法院和法官系统。它独立于政府。
A 1998 Act that incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law.
1998年通过的法律，将《欧洲人权公约》纳入英国法律。
A 2010 Act that protects people from discrimination based on 9 protected characteristics.
2010年通过的法律，保护人们免受基于9种受保护特征的歧视。
The highest court in the UK, established in 2009. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases.
英国的最高法院，2009年成立。它是所有民事和刑事案件的最终上诉法院。
The person who chairs debates and maintains order in the House of Commons. The Speaker must be politically impartial.
主持辩论和维持下议院秩序的人。议长必须在政治上保持中立。
The Welsh Parliament (formerly Welsh Assembly), which meets in Cardiff and deals with devolved matters in Wales.
威尔士议会（前称威尔士议会），在卡迪夫举行会议，处理威尔士的权力下放事务。
The devolved parliament for Scotland, which sits at Holyrood in Edinburgh and has tax-varying powers.
苏格兰的权力下放议会，位于爱丁堡的荷里路德，拥有税收变更权力。
The devolved government of Northern Ireland, based at Stormont in Belfast, operating on power-sharing principles.
北爱尔兰的权力下放政府，位于贝尔法斯特的斯托蒙特，基于权力分享原则运作。
The government minister responsible for the economy, public finances, and the annual Budget.
负责经济、公共财政和年度预算的政府大臣。
The team of senior members of the opposition party who shadow (monitor) the work of government ministers.
反对党高级成员团队，负责监督政府大臣的工作。
An MP or Lord responsible for ensuring party members attend debates and vote according to party wishes.
负责确保政党成员出席辩论并按照政党意愿投票的议员或上议院成员。
An election held in a single constituency when a seat becomes vacant between general elections.
在大选之间，当单个选区席位空缺时举行的选举。
A member of the House of Lords who has been appointed for their lifetime and cannot pass the title to their children.
被终身任命的上议院成员，不能将爵位传给子女。
A member of the House of Lords who inherited their title from a parent.
从父母继承爵位的上议院成员。
The formal approval by the monarch of a bill that has been passed by both Houses of Parliament, making it law.
君主对议会两院通过的法案的正式批准，使其成为法律。
A local tax based on property value, used to pay for local services such as police, schools, and rubbish collection.
基于房产价值的地方税，用于支付警察、学校和垃圾收集等地方服务。
An independent official who investigates complaints from the public about government departments or public organisations.
调查公众对政府部门或公共组织投诉的独立官员。
Free legal advice and representation for people who cannot afford a lawyer.
为无力聘请律师的人提供的免费法律咨询和代理。
A court that deals with less serious criminal cases and some civil matters in England and Wales.
英格兰和威尔士处理较轻刑事案件和一些民事事务的法院。
A court that deals with serious criminal cases in England and Wales, heard by a judge and jury.
英格兰和威尔士处理严重刑事案件的法院，由法官和陪审团审理。
North Atlantic Treaty Organization — a military alliance founded in 1949. The UK is a founding member.
北大西洋公约组织——1949年成立的军事联盟。英国是创始成员国。
An international organisation founded in 1945. The UK is one of five permanent members of the Security Council.
1945年成立的国际组织。英国是安理会五个常任理事国之一。
The reigning monarch (king or queen) who is the head of state of the United Kingdom.
在位的国王或女王，是英国的国家元首。
The presiding officer and chair of the House of Lords, elected by members of the Lords and politically impartial.
上议院的主持人和主席，由上议院议员选举产生，必须在政治上保持中立。
The official printed and online record of debates and proceedings in both Houses of the UK Parliament.
英国议会上下两院辩论和议事的官方纸质及网络记录。
An elected official in England and Wales (outside London) responsible for holding the local police force to account and setting its priorities.
英格兰和威尔士（伦敦除外）民选官员，负责监督地方警察部队并确定其工作重点。
Volunteer judges, usually without formal legal training, who decide most minor criminal cases in Magistrates' Courts in England and Wales.
志愿担任的法官，通常没有正式法律培训，在英格兰和威尔士治安法院审理大多数轻微刑事案件。
A group of citizens, usually 12 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (15 in Scotland), who decide the facts of a case in a criminal trial.
由公民组成的团体，在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰通常为12人（苏格兰为15人），在刑事审判中裁定案件事实。
A lawyer in the UK who specialises in advocacy and representing clients in the higher courts, usually instructed by a solicitor.
英国专门从事辩护并在高等法院代表客户的律师，通常由事务律师指派。
A lawyer who provides legal advice, prepares documents and represents clients in lower courts and tribunals in the UK.
在英国提供法律咨询、起草文件并在初级法院和裁判所代表客户的律师。
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs, the UK government department responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing tax law.
英国负责征收税款并执行税法的政府部门，称为英国国王陛下税务海关总署。
Pay As You Earn, the system by which UK employers deduct income tax and National Insurance from employees' wages and pay them to HMRC.
英国雇主从员工工资中扣缴所得税和国民保险并上缴给税务海关总署的制度。
A unique personal reference number used to record tax and social security contributions; everyone working in the UK needs one.
用于记录税款和社会保险缴款的个人唯一编号；在英国工作者均需办理。
An annual test of vehicle safety, roadworthiness and emissions required for most cars over three years old in the UK.
英国大多数使用超过三年的汽车必须每年进行的安全性、适路性和排放检测。
A nationwide election in which voters in every UK constituency choose an MP to represent them in the House of Commons; held at least every five years.
全英每个选区选民选出代表本区的下议院议员的全国性选举，至少每五年举行一次。
The second-largest party in the House of Commons. Its leader shadows the Prime Minister and challenges government policy.
下议院中第二大政党。其领袖对应首相，负责质询和挑战政府政策。
A senior government minister responsible for the efficient running of the courts and the independence of the judiciary.
负责法院高效运作和司法独立的高级政府大臣。
Politically neutral staff who deliver government policy and public services, continuing in post regardless of which party is in power.
政治中立的工作人员，负责执行政府政策和公共服务，不论哪个政党执政均在职。
A tax paid on earnings from employment, self-employment, pensions and some savings and investments in the UK.
在英国对就业、自雇、养老金以及部分储蓄和投资收入征收的税。
The list of people entitled to vote in the UK; you must be registered on it to cast a vote in elections.
英国有投票权人士的名单；必须在册才能在选举中投票。
A document in which a political party sets out the policies it would pursue if elected to govern.
政党公布其当选执政后将推行政策的文件。
The MP elected by fellow members to chair debates in the House of Commons; they must be politically neutral and ensure parliamentary rules are followed.
由其他议员选举产生主持下议院辩论的议员；必须保持政治中立并确保遵守议会规则。