English Civil War and Charles I

Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings and tried to rule without Parliament. In 1642, civil war broke out between the king's supporters (Cavaliers) and Parliament's supporters (Roundheads). Parliament's New Model Army defeated Charles at the Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby. Charles was tried and executed in 1649. England became a republic called the Commonwealth. No monarch has entered the House of Commons since Charles I tried to arrest five MPs in 1642.